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Public Health England Strategy 2020-25 |
Notes that health inequalities have not improved over the last 10 years, and there are greater disparities, including levels of childhood obesity and greater risk of being physical inactive, in deprived areas. It identifies ten priorities, those which are relevant to the LTP and HIA include smoke-free society, cleaner air, better mental health, best start in life and enhanced data and surveillance capabilities. The LTP will also have a role in providing active travel opportunities.
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Health Impact Assessment in spatial planning guidance |
This guide provides insight into how HIA’s can be used in the planning system. A thoroughly conducted HIA recommends measures to maximise positive impacts, minimise negative impacts and reduce health inequalities. HIA’s are considered a vital tool in identifying health impacts of spatial and development plans and providing recommendations to mitigate harm. The HIA will need to consider how negative impacts can be mitigated and how unintended consequences may arise from the LTP.
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Transport and Health Resource – Delivering Healthy Local Transport Plans (2011) |
The Transport and Health resource is intended to support the development of local transport plans. There are eight key health pathways noted to be associated with transport including: lifestyle; access, accessibility and community severance; economic health; safety (risk of trips, strain and collision); crime; congestion and stress; air quality and noise. The HIA should consider how these pathways will be affected by the LTP. |
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Public Health Outcomes Framework |
The Transport and Health resource is intended to support the development of local transport plans. There are eight key health pathways noted to be associated with transport including: lifestyle; access, accessibility and community severance; economic health; safety (risk of trips, strain and collision); crime; congestion and stress; air quality and noise. The HIA should consider how these pathways will be affected by the LTP. |
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Environmental Noise (England) Regulations 2006 (as amended) |
These Regulations apply to environmental noise, mainly from transport. The regulations require regular noise mapping and action planning for road, rail and aviation noise and noise in large urban areas (agglomerations). They require production of Noise Action Plans and identification of Important Areas (areas exposed to the highest levels of noise) and suggests ways the relevant authorities can reduce these. The HIA should consider how the LTP may impact environmental noise.
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Nature Positive 2030 (2021) |
Following on from global commitments for nature, including to protect 30% of our land and seas by 2030; five statutory nature conservation bodies set out how the UK can achieve these commitments, ensuring nature recovery play a critical role in achieving net zero. The HIA will need to identify transport related impacts on nature and opportunities to mitigate negative impacts. |
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Environment Act 1995 (as updated by the Environment Act 2021) |
Requires local authorities in the UK to periodically review and assess air quality in their area. If a local authority finds any places where air quality objectives are not likely to be achieved, it must declare an Air Quality Management Area and put together a plan to improve the air quality - a Local Air Quality Action Plan. The HIA identifies AQMAs. |
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Air Quality Regulations 2010 (as amended) |
Sets legally binding limits for concentrations in outdoor air of major air pollutants that impact public health such as particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from transport related sources. The HIA will need to consider whether changes to air pollution may occur due to the LTP. |
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National Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2011 |
The Strategy sets out air quality objectives and policy to improve air quality in the UK in order to benefit public health, quality of life and the environment. Objectives and targets are set for each air quality pollutant, for example, to achieve and maintain 40ug.m3 of annual average nitrogen dioxide. The HIA will need to consider whether changes to air pollution may occur due to the LTP.
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Clean Air Strategy 2019 |
The strategy sets out the action that is required to tackle all sources of air pollution These will support creation of Clean Air Zones and help meet targets to cut emissions by 2030. Chapter 6 sets out action to reduce emissions from transport including ending sale of petrol and diesel cars by 2040 (Road to Zero), consultation of Aviation 2050 – the future of the aviation sector, air quality strategies for ports and clean modes of transport for freight and passengers. The HIA will need to consider impacts on air quality and associated health outcomes. |
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UK Plan for Tackling Roadside Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations (‘the NO2 Plan’) 2017 |
The effort to reduce NO2 needs to be targeted on the sources that make the biggest contribution to the problem: road vehicles contribute about 80% of NO2 pollution at the roadside and growth in the number of diesel cars has exacerbated this problem. In developing their local plans to tackle the causes of air pollution, local authorities should consider a range of options from improved technology to limiting access. The LTP and HIA will need to consider transport options which improve air quality. |
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Levelling up the United Kingdom, 2022 |
The White Paper includes missions for public transport and digital connectivity; reducing health disparities and improved well-being. It includes policy drives to deal with ill poor diet and obesity; ensuring natural beauty is accessible, with improved Green Belts around towns and cities, supported by Local Nature Recovery Strategies and woodland creation in plan-making as well as place-making and regeneration of towns and cities. The LTP and HIA will need to consider these policy drivers in their objectives. |
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Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener, 2021 |
This strategy sets out policies and proposals for decarbonising all sectors of the UK economy to meet a UK net zero target by 2050. For transport this means support and funding for zero emissions vehicles and infrastructure, investment in cycling, walking and buses, investment in rail electrification and city rapid transport systems, as well as measures for the reducing emissions from the maritime and aviation sectors. The LTP and HIA will need to consider transport options which reduce emissions in line with targets. |
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The Inclusive Transport Strategy: achieving equal access for disabled people, 2020 |
This Strategy sets out the Government’s plans to make our transport system more inclusive, and to make travel easier for disabled people. While it is focused on the inclusion of disabled people, many of the improvements will also benefit other travellers. The HIA will consider equalities effects of the LTP.
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